Langkah-langkah Menulis Teks Hortatory Exposition

Salah satu aspek krusial dalam mempelajari Bahasa Inggris ialah mempelajari kemampuan menulis atau writing. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada banyak bentuk tulisan. Salah satunya ialah tulisan eksposisi. Eksposisi ini sendiri memiliki banyak ragamnya, masing-masing memiliki ciri dan fungsi berbeda. Hortatory exposition ialah contoh tulisan eksposisi dalam bahasa Inggris nan patut dipelajari. Inilah informasi singkat tentang bentuk tulisan hortatory.

Hortatory exposition ialah jenis teks nan bertujuan buat mengajak dan membujuk pembaca (atau pendengar, jika teks dibacakan langsung) terkait dengan perlu atau tidaknya suatu hal dilaksanakan atau dilakukan. Penulis harus mencantumkan argumen (pendapat) dalam tulisan tersebut guna mendukung keyakinannya.

Teks jenis ini identik dengan analytical exposition, sebab keduanya sama-sama menampilkan tesis (pernyataan keyakinan) sebagai pembuka tulisan dan sama-sama menyuguhkan argumen-argumen buat mendukung tesis tersebut.

Meski keduanya mirip, hortatory lebih mampu membangun kesan meyakinkan sebab argumennya lebih matang dan terperinci. Teks ini diakhiri dengan pemaparan konklusi dari argumen-argumen tersebut. Hortatory banyak digunakan dalam pernyataan promosi, pidato, jargon iklan, dan sebagainya. Mudahnya, ada tiga elemen nan membentuk suatu teks hortatory, yaitu sebagai berikut.

1. Tesis atau pernyataan keyakinan, yakni sebuah pernyataan inti tema nan diangkat.
2. Argumen-argumen, nan berisi rasionalisasi terkait tema nan diangkat dan sudut pandang penulis (mengapa sikap dan pandangannya terhadap tema tersebut patut didukung).
3. Rekomendasi dan kesimpulan, nan berisi pernyataan apa nan seharusnya dilakukan (solusi) berdasarkan argumen-argumen nan telah dipaparkan.

Untuk lebih memahami rona tulisan teks hortatory exposition, berikut ini dipaparkan beberapa buah contohnya dalam bahasa Inggris. Contoh-contoh teks eksposisi tersebut diambil dari beberapa sumber di global maya, yakni dari www.englishindo.com dan understandingtext.blogspot.com.

Inilah contoh nan pertama:

Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture to Promote Unity of the Nation

Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity.

Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences.

Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved.

Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.

Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.

Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.

Contoh teks kedua:

Proposing Gesang as National Hero

"Those who don't learn from history are condemned to repeat it" and "A great nation is one which fully appreciates its heroes." say popular English aphorism and national adage. Then, proposing an important person who has taken a role in our nation history is important. I think Gesang should be a national hero.

Who have never heard Bengawan Solo song? I doubt it if there is. This keroncong song has been a part of national voices. Gesang is a senior composer whose songs gained fame all the way to Japan. He has received a number of awards in art and everyone will admit that his art talent was dedicated to this nation.

Government has declared the other great composer; WR. Suratman and Ismail Marzuki as national Heroes. Gesang might not be compared to others, but in my opinion, Gesang is as great as them. All of them are maestros. Due to his keroncong music maestro, Gesang has taken a role in building our national identity.

It is obvious that government should name Gesang National Hero. We should not delay and wait for, in case, our neighbor countries or other international communities go ahead to recognize him and grant an award for what he deserves.

Contoh teks ketiga:

Tourism Benefit on Local People

What is the benefit of tourism for local people? Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.

Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don't care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.

Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local people's business from becoming even larger.

Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk. So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places.

Teks hortatory exposition pada intinya mengandung pesan nan sama dengan debat lisan, hanya saja dalam bentuk tertulis. Tipe teks ini fokus kepada upaya buat mengajak pembaca memahami dan menyetujui sebuah sudut pandang melalui pernyataan logis nan jelas, argumen nan didasarkan pada fakta, dan rekomendasi tindakan nan sebaiknya diambil. Jenis teks ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang tulisan, mulai dari artikel surat kabar, tulisan akademik, hingga penelitian ilmiah.

Berikut ialah langkah-langkah penulisan teks hortatory exposition:

1. Fokus pada sebuah masalah, baik itu masalah sosial, ilmiah, politis, budaya, agama, maupun akademis. Pilih bidang nan paling Anda sukai, sebab banyak waktu nan akan dihabiskan buat melakukan riset di bidang tersebut.
2. Tata inti tulisan Anda dalam sebuah rancangan sepanjang 3 - 5 kalimat. Buatlah garis besar argumen, sebanyak 3 - 5 buah. Buat argumen nan mampu menguraikan masalah secara terperinci tetapi tetap simpel. Argumen-argumen nan dibuat harus berada pada jalurnya sehingga mampu mengarahkan pembaca pada konklusi nan Anda siratkan. Dukung argumen-argumen tersebut dengan data lengkap dan terpercaya.
3. Buat garis besar konklusi tulisan, sebanyak 2 - 3 kalimat.
4. Manfaatkan garis-garis besar nan sudah Anda untuk sebagai outline tulisan. Outline berfungsi agar tulisan nan dihasilkan tetap fokus dan tak melenceng atau melebar terlalu jauh dari topik inti. Tentukan jumlah kata nan akan digunakan dalam tulisan tersebut. Pastikan tulisan fokus di argumen tanpa mengabaikan konklusi akhir.
5. Baca dan periksa kembali tulisan Anda buat memastikan tidak ada kesalahan penulisan, tata bahasa, atau konten. Jika diperlukan, mintalah teman atau kerabat buat membaca dan mengomentarinya.

Demikianlah informasi singkat mengenai teks hortatory exposition. Selamat menulis dalam bahasa Inggris!