Struktur Narrative Story

Anak-anak nan terbiasa mendengarkan cerita sebelum tidur diyakini memiliki daya ingat nan lebih dibanding anak nan tak terbiasa dengan Norma itu. Anak akan lebih bahagia dengan tokoh-tokoh cerita nan diceritakan dengan menarik oleh orangtua maupun oleh guru mereka. Tidak heran bila profesi narrative story mendapatkan loka di hati mereka.

Cerita nan biasa diberikan berupa dongeng, cerita binatang atau fabel, legenda, mitos, cerita rakyat. Semua cerita tersebut termasuk ke dalam istilah narrative story.

Narrative story memiliki cirri-ciri nan sangat kentara, di antaranya ialah sebagai berikut.

Dalam narrative story, kata keterangan waktu biasanya mengawali sebuah cerita. Kata keterangan waktu di antaranya once upon a time, one day, in a bright day, last week, a year ago . Misalnya seperti nan terlihat pada satu paragraf berikut.

One day, there lived a happy family in a beautiful country. They were happy living there because the King was so wise and protect people well. They were Rakesya Family. Rakesya was the name of the last daughter of this family. Rakesya was a beautiful girl. She was sixteen years old.
Kata one day di awal kalimat merupakan adverb of time.

Biasanya jenis tenses ini muncul pada jenis narrative story. Misalnya, went, lived, asked, was, were stayed , dan sebagainya. Kita bisa kata contoh satu paragraf berikut nan menggunakan tenses ini.

They lived in a small house, but they were happy. Hima went to the town last week. He bought some eggs because his mother wanted to make some cakes. The cakes were delicious. Many people in the village loved to eat the cakes.

Perhatikan beberapa kata kerja nan berbentuk past tense . Hal tersebut biasa terlihat dalam sebuah narrative story.

Narrative story biasanya mengandung unsur nan mengajak pembaca atau pendengar mengambil sisi positif atau hal nan baik. Jenis cerita ini juga memiliki tujuan menghibur pembaca atau pendengar melalui cerita nan dibawakan atau dituliskan. Narrative story mengandung pesan moral nan bisa diambil dari sang tokoh, kejadian, atau bahkan loka latar belakang cerita nan bersangkutan.

Pernahkah Anda menulis sebuah cerita pendek? Mengenai apakah cerita nan pernah Anda tulis? Tahukah Anda bahwa narrative story memiliki struktur di dalamnya? Struktur nan membantu Anda buat menuliskan sebuah cerita atau narrative story. Berikut merupakan struktur narrative story.

Dalam istilah narrative story, pembaca atau pendengar dikenalkan melalui setting cerita, tempat, waktu dan tokoh. Biasanya pada bagian ini pembaca atau pendengar masih belum memahami isi cerita secara holistik sebab masih berupa sosialisasi cerita. Contoh sebuah orientation (pengenalan) bisa dilihat pada contoh cerita berikut.

Once a upon a time, there was a rich man named Mr Daniel. People called him Mr Rich because he was very rich man. He was so kind to many people. He always helped someone who needed his help.

Dalam narrative story, sebuah sosialisasi atau orientation seperti contoh paragraf di atas merupakan sebuah awal paragraf nan bertujuan membangun orientasi pembaca atau pendengar mengenai cerita nan akan dilanjutkan pada paragraf selanjutnya.

Setelah orientation atau pengenalan, dalam istilah narrative story terjadilah complication. Pada bagian ini, permasalahan atau konflik sedikit demi sedikit mulai terjadi. Biasanya complication terdiri atas beberapa paragraf bergantung pada sejauh mana konflik nan terjadi dalam cerita nan bersangkutan. Contoh paragraf nan menunjukkan sebuah complication ialah sebagai berikut.

One day, the rich man came to a house whose many cats. The rich man felt so pity because the cats were so thin but they looked happy living in the house. The rich man then asked the boy whose name Canon to have one of the cats. But the boy didn’t want to give him the cat. The rich man was so curious. Then he asked the boy, “Why can’t I have one of your cats?” Then the boy answered, “Because I loved them than everything and they loved me, too.”The man laughed and said, “How can you know they love you?” The boy answered, “I can feel it.”The rich man felt surprised when he heard the answer. He couldn’t say anything anymore. However, he still wanted to have one of the boy’s cats.

Biasanya dalam complication pada istilah narrative story terjadi percakapan nan melibatkan beberapa orang. Di situlah permulaan sebuah konflik atau permasalahan terjadi. Dapatkah Anda membuat sebuah contoh paragraf nan berisi sebuah complication seperti nan dibuat di atas? Mudah saja, bukan?

Penyelesaian konflik atau resolution dalam istilah narrative story biasanya ada jika alur cerita nan rumit dan banyak terkadi konflik sebelumnya. Kadang antara complication dan resolution berulang-ulang terjadi dan tak selalu paragraf satu selesai baru dilanjutkan pada paragraf selanjutnya. Berikut contoh resolution dari lanjutan cerita di atas tentang The Rich Man.

The next day, the rich man came again to the boy’s house. He wanted to talk to his father. Then he met the father and said, “Sir, why does your boy love the cats so much?” Father smiled and said, “Well, my son love cats since he was baby. The cats always played with him. He always talk to the cats. I think my son has the sixth sense to understand the cats.” The man was silent. He thought that it was impossible to get the cat without any permission from the boy and his father.Suddenly the boy came to him and said, “Mr Rich, everything can’t be bought by money. I know my cats are thin and they are less of food. But we are happy here. We always play together every day and nothing can take it from us.”Mr Rich was shock hearing what the boy has said. He finally understood that there was something that most important in life or someone’s life: love and happiness.

Resolution dalam narrative story memiliki karakteristik khas happy ending atau pencerahan akan kesalahan atau pemikiran seseorang dalam sebuah cerita seperti contoh di atas.

Narrative story bisa berupa legenda, cerita rakyat dan juga cerita binatang. Anda bisa menemukan struktur nan sama pada jenis cerita-cerita nan termasuk narrative story itu. Cobalah Anda jajak satu persatu dan mencoba buat menulis dalam sebuah cerita pendek. Pastilah sekarang Anda sangat lihai menulis sebuah cerita berdasarkan khayalan Anda!